Ab tak humne words (शब्द) aur sentences (वाक्य) ke baare mein seekha. Lekin ek shabd aur ek poore sentence ke beech mein bhi kuch kadam (steps) hote hain. Inhi kadam ko hum Phrase aur Clause kehte hain.

Inko samajhne ke liye, ek full meal (ek poori thali) ka example lete hain.

• Word (शब्द) = Ek single cheez, jaise namak.

• Phrase (वाक्यांश) = Thali ki ek katori, jaise raita ya salad. Iska apna ek swaad hai, par yeh poora khana nahi hai.

• Clause (उपवाक्य) = Ek mini-meal, jaise ek sandwich. Ismein roti (subject) aur sabzi (verb) dono hain. Yeh apne aap mein ek chhota khana ho sakta hai.

• Sentence (वाक्य) = Poori thali, jismein sab kuch hai aur jisse pet bhar jaata hai (poora matlab nikalta hai).

Chaliye, ab inko aasan bhasha mein seekhte hain.

Phrase (वाक्यांश) – The Incomplete Idea

A Phrase is a group of words that makes some sense, but not complete sense. Yaani, Phrase shabdon ka ek aisa group hai jiska kuch matlab toh hota hai, lekin poora matlab nahi nikalta. Isko sunkar mann mein sawaal uthta hai, “Toh kya hua?”

Sabse Bada Rule: Ek Phrase mein kabhi bhi Subject aur Verb ka combination nahi hota.

Examples:

• in the park (पार्क में)

  • Matlab toh hai, par adhoora hai. Park mein kya? Kaun?

• a very beautiful girl (एक बहुत सुन्दर लड़की)

  • Adhoora hai. Us ladki ka kya? Woh kya kar rahi hai?

• after finishing his work (अपना काम खत्म करने के बाद)

  • Adhoora hai. Kaam khatm karke usne kya kiya?

• on the table (मेज़ पर)

In sabhi examples mein aapko subject aur verb ek saath nahi milenge. Ye sirf sentence ke tukde (fragments) hain.

Clause (उपवाक्य) – The Mini-Sentence

A Clause is a group of words that has its own Subject and its own Verb. Yaani, Clause shabdon ka ek aisa group hai jo ek chhote sentence ki tarah hota hai. Iska apna ek Subject (kaam karne wala) aur apna ek Verb (kaam) hota hai.

Clauses do tarah ke hote hain, bilkul bhaiyon ki tarah. Ek bada bhai jo akele reh sakta hai, aur ek chhota bhai jise bade bhai ke sahare ki zaroorat hai.

1. Independent Clause (Main Clause) – The Big Brother

Yeh ek aisa clause hai jo apne aap mein ek poora sentence ban sakta hai. Iska poora matlab nikalta hai aur isko kisi ke sahare ki zaroorat nahi hoti.

• He is playing. (Subject: He, Verb: is playing) – Poora matlab hai.

• She sang a song. (Subject: She, Verb: sang) – Poora matlab hai.

• The sky is blue. (Subject: The sky, Verb: is) – Poora matlab hai.

Ye sabhi Independent Clauses hain aur inhein hum Simple Sentences bhi keh sakte hain.

2. Dependent Clause (Subordinate Clause) – The Little Brother

Yeh ek aisa clause hai jiska apna subject aur verb toh hota hai, lekin yeh poora matlab nahi deta. Ise apna matlab poora karne ke liye hamesha ek Independent Clause ke sahare ki zaroorat padti hai.

Yeh aksar because, when, if, who, which, that, although jaise shabdon se shuru hote hain.

• ...because I was busy. (क्योंकि मैं व्यस्त था।)

  • I (Subject) aur was (Verb) toh hai, par baat adhoori hai. Iske aage-peeche kuch hona chahiye.

• ...when you come here. (जब तुम यहाँ आओगे।)

  • Adhoori baat. Jab main yahan aaunga toh kya hoga?

• ...who lives in that house. (जो उस घर में रहता है।)

  • Adhoori baat. Uska kya jo uss ghar mein rehta hai?

Dekhein ye milkar kaise kaam karte hain: I could not pick your call + because I was busy. (Independent Clause) + (Dependent Clause)

Ab yeh ek poora, meaningful sentence ban gaya.

Phrase vs. Clause: The Final Difference

Toh ab aap samajh gaye honge ki in dono mein sabse bada fark kya hai.

• Phrase: at night (रात में)

• Clause: when the night comes (जब रात होती है)

Dekha aapne? Dono ka concept ‘raat’ se juda hai, lekin Phrase adhoori baat hai aur Clause mein the night (Subject) aur comes (Verb) hai.

**”To build a great house, you must know the difference between a brick and a wall.” (एक महान घर बनाने के लिए, आपको एक ईंट और एक दीवार के बीच का अंतर पता होना चाहिए।) **