Grammar ki duniya mein, Tense sabse powerful tool hai. Yeh kisi bhi sentence ki jaan hota hai.

Tense ka matlab hai ‘Time’. Yeh batata hai ki koi bhi kaam (action/verb) kis samay mein ho raha hai — Present (अभी), Past (पहले), ya Future (बाद में).

Soch lijiye Tense ek Time Machine hai. Iske teen main button hain:

• PAST: Jo ho chuka hai (बीता हुआ कल).

• PRESENT: Jo ho raha hai (आज).

• FUTURE: Jo hone wala hai (आने वाला कल).

In teen time-zones ke andar, har kaam (action) ke 4 alag-alag nature (स्वभाव) ya states hote hain.

1. Simple/Indefinite (सामान्य): Aadat (habit) ya sach (fact).

2. Continuous (अपूर्ण): Kaam chal raha hai (ongoing).

3. Perfect (पूर्ण): Kaam poora ho chuka hai (completed).

4. Perfect Continuous (पूर्ण-अपूर्ण): Kaam pehle shuru hua aur abhi bhi chal raha hai.

Inhi 3 Time x 4 Nature ko milakar total 12 Tenses bante hain. Ghabraiye mat! Hum inhein ek-ek karke bahut aasaani se samjhenge.

(Note: Hum verb ki forms ka istemal karenge: V1 – Go, V2 – Went, V3 – Gone)

Part 1: The Present Tense (वर्तमान काल)

Yeh batata hai ki kaam abhi ke samay mein hota hai.

1. Simple Present Tense

• Kab use karein? Aadat (habits), roz ke kaam, ya universal truth (सार्वभौमिक सत्य) batane ke liye.

• Formula: Subject + V1 (+s/es) + Object

• Examples:

  • I play cricket. (मैं क्रिकेट खेलता हूँ।)

  • She sings a song. (वह गाना गाती है।)

  • The Sun rises in the East. (सूरज पूरब में उगता है।)

2. Present Continuous Tense

• Kab use karein? Jo kaam abhi, iss waqt, bolte samay chal raha hai.

• Formula: Subject + is/am/are + V1+ing + Object

• Examples:

  • I am teaching. (मैं पढ़ा रहा हूँ।)

  • She is cooking food. (वह खाना बना रही है।)

  • They are playing. (वे खेल रहे हैं।)

3. Present Perfect Tense

• Kab use karein? Jo kaam abhi-abhi poora hua hai.

• Formula: Subject + has/have + V3 + Object

• Examples:

  • I have finished my work. (मैंने अपना काम खत्म कर लिया है।)

  • He has gone to Delhi. (वह दिल्ली चला गया है।)

  • They have eaten the food. (उन्होंने खाना खा लिया है।)

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

• Kab use karein? Jo kaam past mein shuru hua aur abhi bhi chal raha hai. Ismein samay (for, since) zaroor bataya jaata hai.

• Formula: Subject + has/have + been + V1+ing + Object + for/since + time

• Examples:

  • I have been teaching for two hours. (मैं दो घंटे से पढ़ा रहा हूँ।)

  • She has been living in this house since 2010. (वह इस घर में 2010 से रह रही है।)

Part 2: The Past Tense (भूतकाल)

Yeh batata hai ki kaam beete hue samay mein hua tha.

5. Simple Past Tense

• Kab use karein? Jo kaam past mein kisi samay par khatm ho gaya.

• Formula: Subject + V2 + Object

• Examples:

  • I played cricket yesterday. (मैंने कल क्रिकेट खेला।)

  • She sang a song. (उसने एक गाना गाया।)

  • They went to the market. (वे बाजार गए।)

6. Past Continuous Tense

• Kab use karein? Jo kaam past mein kisi samay par chal raha tha.

• Formula: Subject + was/were + V1+ing + Object

• Examples:

  • I was teaching at 4 PM. (मैं 4 बजे पढ़ा रहा था।)

  • She was cooking when I called. (जब मैंने फ़ोन किया तब वह खाना बना रही थी।)

  • They were playing. (वे खेल रहे थे।)

7. Past Perfect Tense

• Kab use karein? Jab past mein do kaam hue, toh jo kaam pehle hua tha. Ise “Past ka bhi Past” kehte hain.

• Formula: Subject + had + V3 + Object

• Examples:

  • The patient had died before the doctor came. (डॉक्टर के आने से पहले मरीज़ मर चुका था।)

  • I had finished my work when he arrived. (जब वह आया, मैं अपना काम खत्म कर चुका था।)

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

• Kab use karein? Jo kaam past mein kisi samay se chal raha tha aur past mein hi khatm hua.

• Formula: Subject + had + been + V1+ing + Object + for/since + time

• Examples:

  • I had been teaching for two hours when the bell rang. (जब घंटी बजी, मैं दो घंटे से पढ़ा रहा था।)

  • She had been living there since 2010. (वह वहां 2010 से रह रही थी।)

Part 3: The Future Tense (भविष्य काल)

Yeh batata hai ki kaam aane wale samay mein hoga.

9. Simple Future Tense

• Kab use karein? Jo kaam future mein hoga.

• Formula: Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object

• Examples:

  • I will play cricket tomorrow. (मैं कल क्रिकेट खेलूँगा।)

  • She will sing a song. (वह एक गाना गाएगी।)

10. Future Continuous Tense

• Kab use karein? Jo kaam future mein kisi samay par chal raha hoga.

• Formula: Subject + will/shall + be + V1+ing + Object

• Examples:

  • I will be teaching at this time tomorrow. (मैं कल इस समय पढ़ा रहा होऊँगा।)

  • They will be travelling next week. (वे अगले हफ्ते यात्रा कर रहे होंगे।)

11. Future Perfect Tense

• Kab use karein? Jo kaam future mein kisi nishchit samay tak poora ho chuka hoga.

• Formula: Subject + will/shall + have + V3 + Object

• Examples:

  • I will have finished my work by 9 PM. (मैं रात 9 बजे तक अपना काम खत्म कर चुका होऊँगा।)

  • She will have reached Delhi by morning. (वह सुबह तक दिल्ली पहुँच चुकी होगी।)

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

• Kab use karein? Jo kaam future mein kisi samay se shuru hokar aage bhi jaari rahega. (Yeh bahut kam use hota hai).

• Formula: Subject + will/shall + have + been + V1+ing + Object + for/since + time

• Examples:

  • By next year, I will have been teaching for five years. (अगले साल तक, मुझे पढ़ाते हुए पांच साल हो जायेंगे।)

“The bad news is time flies. The good news is you’re the pilot.” (बुरी खबर यह है कि समय उड़ता है। अच्छी खबर यह है कि पायलट आप हैं।) – Michael Altshuler