Ab tak aapne English Grammar ke saare important rules seekh liye hain. Aapne building ki neev (foundation) se lekar deewaron (walls) aur chhat (roof) tak, sab kuch mazboot bana liya hai. Yeh aakhiri chapter uss building par hone wale final “touch-up” jaisa hai.

Aksar rules jaanne ke baad bhi, hum kuch aisi aam galtiyan (common errors) karte hain jo hamari English ki sundarta ko kam kar deti hain. Is chapter mein hum unhi common “beemariyon” aur unke “ilaaj” ke baare mein baat karenge.

Yaad rakhein, galtiyan karna seekhne ki process ka hissa hai. Ek achha student woh hai jo apni galtiyon ko pehchane aur unhe sudhare.

Error Hotspot #1: Preposition Problems (Preposition की गड़बड़)

1. Discuss about: ‘Discuss’ ke baad ‘about’ nahi lagta.

   • Wrong: We were discussing about the movie.

   • Right: We were discussing the movie. (Discuss का मतलब ही ‘ke baare mein baat karna’ hai).

2. Married with/to: Hamesha ‘married to’ ka istemal hota hai.

   • Wrong: Priya is married with an engineer.

   • Right: Priya is married to an engineer.

3. Enter into: ‘Enter’ ke baad ‘into’ lagana zaroori nahi hai jab aap kisi jagah ke andar jaane ki baat kar rahe hon.

   • Wrong: The student entered into the classroom.

   • Right: The student entered the classroom.

Error Hotspot #2: Confusing Word Pairs (जुड़वा भाई जो Confuse करते हैं)

Yeh shabd dikhne ya sunne mein ek jaise lagte hain, par inka matlab bilkul alag hai.

1. Its vs. It’s

   • Its (Possessive – उसका/उसकी): Yeh bejaan cheezon ka “milkiyat” dikhata hai.

     • The dog wagged its tail.

   • It's (Contraction – It is): Yeh “It is” ka short form hai.

     • It’s a beautiful day.

2. There vs. Their vs. They’re

   • There (Place – वहाँ): Your book is there.

   • Their (Possessive – उनका): This is their house.

   • They're (Contraction – They are): They’re playing.

3. Lose vs. Loose

   • Lose (Verb – खोना/हारना): Don’t lose hope.

   • Loose (Adjective – ढीला): This shirt is too loose.

4. Affect vs. Effect

   • Affect (Verb – असर डालना): Bad weather will affect the match.

   • Effect (Noun – असर/प्रभाव): What is the effect of this medicine?

Error Hotspot #3: Subject-Verb Agreement Traps (कर्ता-क्रिया के धोखे)

Yeh sabse common galti hai.

• Wrong: One of my friend is sick.

• Right: One of my friends is sick.

  • Reason: Aap apne ‘bahut saare dosto’ mein se ‘ek’ ki baat kar rahe hain, isliye ‘friends’ plural hoga. Lekin verb ‘one’ ke hisaab se singular (is) hi rahega.

Error Hotspot #4: Unnecessary Words (Faltu ke Shabd)

Hum kai baar extra shabd jod dete hain jinki zaroorat nahi hoti.

1. Revert back: ‘Revert’ ka matlab hi ‘wapas jawab dena’ hota hai.

   • Wrong: I will revert back to you soon.

   • Right: I will revert to you soon.

2. Cousin brother / Cousin sister: Sirf ‘Cousin’ kaafi hai.

   • Wrong: She is my cousin sister.

   • Right: She is my cousin.

3. Consensus of opinion: ‘Consensus’ ka matlab hi ‘aam sehmati’ (general opinion) hota hai.

   • Wrong: The team reached a consensus of opinion.

   • Right: The team reached a consensus.

Yeh aapki English Grammar book ka safar tha. Aapne is kitaab ko poora karke angrezi bhasha ko samajhne ki ek bahut mazboot neev rakh li hai. Lekin yaad rakhein, yeh ant nahi, balki ek shuruaat hai.

“Practice isn’t the thing you do once you’re good. It’s the thing you do that makes you good.” (अभ्यास वो चीज़ नहीं है जो आप अच्छा बनने के बाद करते हैं। यह वो चीज़ है जो आपको अच्छा बनाती है।) – Malcolm Gladwell