Ab tak humne jin Verbs (kriya) ki baat ki, woh sentence ke ‘Raja’ (King) the. Unhe hum Finite Verbs kehte hain. Woh Raja isliye hain kyunki woh Subject aur Tense ke hisaab se apna roop badal lete hain.

• I go. He goes. (Subject ke saath badla)

• I go. I went. (Tense ke saath badla)

Lekin English Grammar mein kuch ‘Jaasoos’ (Spies) bhi hote hain. Yeh dikhte toh Verb jaise hain, lekin kaam kisi aur ka karte hain — Noun ka, Adjective ka, ya Adverb ka. Aur ek achhe jaasoos ki tarah, yeh apna roop (uniform) kabhi nahi badalte, chahe Subject koi bhi ho ya Tense koi bhi ho.

Inhi jaasoos verbs ko hum Non-Finite Verbs kehte hain.

Example se samjhein:

• I want to swim. (मैं तैरना चाहता हूँ।)

• He wants to swim. (वह तैरना चाहता है।)

• They wanted to swim. (वे तैरना चाहते थे।)

Dekha aapne? Subject (I, He, They) badla, Tense (want, wanted) badla, lekin to swim waisa ka waisa hi raha. Isne apna roop nahi badla. Yahi Non-Finite Verb hai.

Yeh Jaasoos teen tarah ke hote hain:

1. The Infinitive

2. The Gerund

3. The Participle

Chaliye, in teeno jaasooson ki file check karte hain.

1. The Infinitive (The ‘to’ Verb)

Yeh jaasoos aksar ‘to’ ka coat pehan kar aata hai.

• Form (पहचान): to + V1 (jaise: to go, to eat, to sleep)

• Job (काम): Zyadatar Noun (संज्ञा) ka kaam karta hai.

Yeh sentence mein ‘kya’ (what) ka jawab deta hai.

• To forgive is divine.

  • Sawaal: What is divine? (क्या दिव्य है?)

  • Jawaab: To forgive (माफ़ करना). Yahan yeh Subject (Noun) ka kaam kar raha hai.

• I want to eat.

  • Sawaal: I want what? (मैं क्या चाहता हूँ?)

  • Jawaab: to eat (खाना). Yahan yeh Object (Noun) ka kaam kar raha hai.

2. The Gerund (The ‘-ing’ Noun)

Yeh jaasoos hamesha ‘-ing’ ki uniform mein rehta hai.

• Form (पहचान): V1 + ing (jaise: swimming, reading, singing)

• Job (काम): Hamesha Noun (संज्ञा) ka hi kaam karta hai.

Confuse na hon! Present Continuous Tense mein bhi ‘-ing’ hota hai (He is swimming). Lekin wahan is/am/are ke saath aakar woh main verb ka kaam karta hai. Gerund mein, woh Noun ka kaam karta hai.

• Swimming is my hobby.

  • Sawaal: What is my hobby? (मेरा शौक क्या है?)

  • Jawaab: Swimming (तैरना). Yahan yeh Subject (Noun) hai.

• I love dancing.

  • Sawaal: I love what? (मुझे क्या पसंद है?)

  • Jawaab: dancing (नाचना). Yahan yeh Object (Noun) hai.

3. The Participle (The Adjective Verb)

Yeh jaasoos Adjective (विशेषण) ka bhes badalta hai. Yeh kisi Noun ya Pronoun ki visheshta batata hai. Iske do roop hote hain.

a) Present Participle

• Form (पहचान): V1 + ing

• Job (काम): Aise Noun ke baare mein batata hai jo kaam kar raha hai (active).

• Examples:

  • I saw a burning train. (मैंने एक जलती हुई ट्रेन देखी।)

    • Train kaisi thi? -> burning (जलती हुई). Yahan burning train ki visheshta bata raha hai.

  • Don’t disturb the sleeping dog. (सोते हुए कुत्ते को परेशान मत करो।)

    • Kutta kaisa hai? -> sleeping (सोता हुआ).

b) Past Participle

• Form (पहचान): V3 (jaise: broken, written, tired)

• Job (काम): Aise Noun ke baare mein batata hai jis par kaam ho chuka hai (passive).

• Examples:

  • This is a broken chair. (यह एक टूटी हुई कुर्सी है।)

    • Chair kaisi hai? -> broken (टूटी हुई).

  • He submitted a written application. (उसने एक लिखी हुई अर्जी जमा की।)

    • Application kaisi thi? -> written (लिखी हुई).

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