Imagine kijiye ki Subject (कर्ता) aur Verb (क्रिया) do pakke dost (best friends) hain. Inki dosti ka ek hi rule hai: “Hum hamesha ek jaise rahenge.” Agar Subject singular (एकवचन) hai, toh Verb bhi singular hoga. Agar Subject plural (बहुवचन) hai, toh Verb bhi plural hoga. Inka yeh ‘agreement’ ya ‘taalmel’ kabhi nahi toot’ta.

The Golden Rule:

• Singular Subject → Singular Verb

• Plural Subject → Plural Verb

Lekin yahan ek ulta pulta rule hai jo sabse zaroori hai! Aam taur par hum Noun mein ‘s’ lagakar use plural banate hain (jaise: boy -> boys). Lekin Verb mein iska ULTA hota hai. Verb mein ‘s’ lagakar use SINGULAR banate hain.

Is “Opposite Rule” ko hamesha yaad rakhein!

The Basic Rules

Rule 1: Singular Subject → Singular Verb (-s/es wali verb)

• The **dog barks**. (कुत्ता भौंकता है।)

• **She writes** a letter. (वह एक पत्र लिखती है।)

• **He goes** to school. (वह स्कूल जाता है।)

Rule 2: Plural Subject → Plural Verb (bina -s/es wali verb)

• The **dogs bark**. (कुत्ते भौंकते हैं।)

• **They write** a letter. (वे एक पत्र लिखते हैं।)

• **We go** to school. (हम स्कूल जाते हैं।)

Rule 3: The VIP Pronouns – ‘I’ and ‘You’ ‘I’ aur ‘You’ VVIP dost hain. Yeh hain toh singular, lekin hamesha apne saath Plural Verb lete hain.

• **I play** cricket. (NOT I plays)

• **You speak** English very well. (NOT You speaks)

The Tricky Rules (Jahan Galti Hoti Hai)

Rule 4: Jab ‘and’ se jude do Subjects hon Jab do alag-alag subjects ‘and’ se judte hain, toh woh plural ban jaate hain aur Plural Verb lete hain.

• **Ram and Shyam are** brothers.

• A **pen and a pencil have** been bought.

  • Exception: Agar do subjects milkar ek hi idea banayein, toh Singular Verb lagta hai.

    • **Bread and butter is** my breakfast. (यह एक ही डिश है।)

    • **Time and tide waits** for no one.

Rule 5: Jab ‘or’ ya ‘nor’ se jude do Subjects hon Aise mein Verb apne sabse nazdeek wale subject ke hisaab se lagta hai.

• Neither the father nor his **sons were** present. (‘sons’ nazdeek hai, jo plural hai)

• Either you or **he is** mistaken. (‘he’ nazdeek hai, jo singular hai)

Rule 6: Indefinite Pronouns (Everyone, Each, a few, etc.)

• Hamesha Singular: Each, Every, Everyone, Someone, Nobody, Anyone, Either, Neither. Inke saath hamesha Singular Verb lagta hai.

  • **Everyone is** ready.

  • **Each** of these boys **gets** a prize. (Boys dekh kar confuse na hon, subject ‘Each’ hai).

• Hamesha Plural: Both, Few, Many, Several.

  • **Many were** injured.

  • A **few are** still waiting.

Rule 7: Collective Nouns (Team, Family, Group, etc.)

• Agar group ek unit ki tarah kaam kar raha hai, toh Singular Verb.

  • The **team is** winning the match. (पूरी टीम एक साथ जीत रही है।)

• Agar group ke members alag-alag kaam kar rahe hain, toh Plural Verb.

  • The **jury are** divided in their opinions. (Jury ke sadasya alag-alag mat de rahe hain।)

Rule 8: Sentences starting with ‘There’ Aise sentences mein asli subject, verb ke baad aata hai.

• There **is** a **lion** in the jungle. (Asli subject ‘a lion’ hai).

• There **are** many **lions** in the jungle. (Asli subject ‘many lions’ hai).

“Coming together is a beginning. Keeping together is progress. Working together is success.” (एक साथ आना एक शुरुआत है। एक साथ रहना प्रगति है। एक साथ काम करना ही सफलता है।) – Henry Ford