What is a Sentence? (वाक्य क्या है?)

Imagine kijiye aap ek kahani suna rahe hain, lekin har line adhoori chhod dete hain. Jaise: “Ek raja tha… jungle mein… sher ke saath…” Kya sunne waale ko kuch samajh aayega? Nahin! Kyunki baat poori nahi hui.

Ek Sentence (वाक्य) bilkul ek poori baat ki tarah hota hai.

A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense. Yaani, shabdon ka ek aisa samooh (group) jiska ek poora aur saaf matlab nikalta ho.

Ek poore sentence ki teen pehchan hoti hain:

1. Yeh hamesha Capital Letter se shuru hota hai (Jaise: He, The).

2. Iske ant mein ek punctuation mark hota hai, jaise Full Stop (.), Question Mark (?), ya Exclamation Mark (!).

3. Ismein kam se kam ek subject (kaam karne wala) aur ek verb (kaam) zaroor hota hai.

Let’s see some examples (कुछ उदाहरण देखें):

• Wrong (Galat): in the park

  • (Yeh sentence nahi hai kyunki baat adhoori hai. Park mein kya? Kaun?)

• Right (Sahi): The boys are playing in the park.

  • (Yeh ek poora sentence hai. Isse saaf pata chal raha hai ki ladke park mein khel rahe hain.)

• Wrong (Galat): sings a song

  • (Adhoora hai. Gaana kaun gaa raha hai?)

• Right (Sahi): She sings a song.

  • (Poori baat. Woh gaana gaati hai.)

Parts of a Sentence: Subject and Predicate (वाक्य के हिस्से: कर्ता और विधेय)

Har sentence ke do main hero hote hain. Inke bina sentence ban hi nahi sakta. Inhe Subject aur Predicate kehte hain.

Chaliye, inko ek aasan tareeke se samajhte hain. Maan lijiye sentence ek film hai:

• Subject = Film ka Hero (jiske baare mein film hai).

• Predicate = Hero ki Kahani (hero kya karta hai ya kaisa hai).

1. The Subject (कर्ता)

The subject is the person, place, animal, or thing we are talking about in the sentence. It is the ‘doer’ of the action. Subject woh hai jiske baare mein baat ho rahi hai, ya jo kaam kar raha hai.

Subject ko kaise pehchane? Bahut aasan hai! Sentence ke verb (kriya/kaam) se pehle “Kaun?” (Who?) ya “Kya?” (What?) laga kar sawaal pucho. Jo jawab milega, wahi Subject hai.

• Example 1: The bird is flying.

  • Sawaal: Who is flying? (कौन उड़ रहा है?)

  • Jawab: The bird (पक्षी). Toh yahan “The bird” subject hai.

• Example 2: My father drives a car.

  • Sawaal: Who drives a car? (कौन कार चलाता है?)

  • Jawab: My father. Toh yahan “My father” subject hai.

• Example 3: The glass fell down.

  • Sawaal: What fell down? (क्या नीचे गिर गया?)

  • Jawab: The glass. Toh yahan “The glass” subject hai.

2. The Predicate (विधेय)

The predicate is the part of the sentence that tells us something about the subject. It always starts with the verb. Predicate, sentence ka woh hissa hai jo subject ke baare mein jaankari deta hai.

Predicate ko kaise pehchane? Aur bhi aasan! Jab aapko sentence mein subject mil jaaye, toh bacha hua poora hissa Predicate hota hai.

Let’s use the same examples:

• Example 1: The bird | is flying.

  • Subject: The bird

  • Predicate: is flying (यह बता रहा है कि पक्षी क्या कर रहा है).

• Example 2: My father | drives a car.

  • Subject: My father

  • Predicate: drives a car (यह बता रहा है कि मेरे पिता क्या करते हैं).

• Example 3: The glass | fell down.

  • Subject: The glass

  • Predicate: fell down (यह बता रहा है कि ग्लास के साथ क्या हुआ).

Let’s see it in a table:

**”A wall is just a lot of bricks put together correctly. A great life is just a lot of days lived correctly.” (एक दीवार सही तरीके से जोड़ी गई बहुत सी ईंटें ही तो है। एक महान जीवन भी सही तरीके से जिए गए बहुत से दिन ही तो है।) **